Therefore, 1 Nautical Mile distance = 1.15 Statute Mile distance Aviation uses both nautical and statute miles for measuring distance and speed, but the Airspeed Indicator typically shows KNOTS. KNOTS are a measure of speed based on nautical, or sea miles. The dial is usually calibrated in Nautical miles known as KNOTS. And remember, this is not a measurement of ground speed. The Airspeed Indicator measures the speed of the aircraft through the air, but really this is the speed at which the air is flowing over the airplane. These principles of physics are used to make very precise Flight Instruments including the Attitude Indicator, Heading Indicator, and Turn Coordinator. Gyroscopic Inertia is the tendency of a rotating body to maintain its plane of rotation, known as Rigidity in Space. Gyroscopic Precession is the tendency of a rotating body to consistently react to a force being applied by turning in the direction of its rotation exactly 90 degrees to its axis. Usually, this is powered by the Vacuum System Pump. The three flight instruments connected to the Pitot Static System include the Airspeed Indicator, Altimeter, and Vertical Speed Indicator.Ī Gyroscope is a rotor or spinning wheel, rotating at a high speed. The Pitot Static System relies on a Pitot Tube to measure the dynamic pressure due to the forward motion of the airplane through the air, and Static Vents to measure the static, outside barometric pressure as the airplane gains or loses altitude. Let’s take a closer look at each of these six flight instruments and how they work. During flight, a pilot must interpret the information displayed on these six flight instruments to fly safely and within the limitations of the aircraft’s safe operating envelope. Pilots should have knowledge of each instrument’s characteristics and limitations. These six instruments are denoted by number on the Cessna 172 Instrument Panel above.Įvery pilot must have a thorough understanding of these six flight instruments – the Aviation Six Pack – and the way they work. Vertical Speed Indicator (Pitot Static).In the event of a partial system failure, the pilot will be better prepared when they recognize the specific instruments that may be affected. It’s important for student pilots to recognize this difference. Three instruments are connected to the aircraft’s Pitot Static Pressure System, and the other three are Gyro Instruments typically driven by the aircraft’s Vacuum system pump. ![]() ![]() ![]() The 6 basic flight instruments are divided into two categories. Instead, Pilots know the 6-Pak refers to the six Primary Flight Instruments. The Six Pack is not a half-dozen beers, and it’s not a well toned and muscled belly. Before the days of Glass Panels, this was a typical General Aviation Instrument Panel.Įven with the trend towards only Glass Cockpits, the basic Flight Instruments remain the same.
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